In JPA One-To-One mapping, a single instance of one entity is associated with another single instance of another entity.
Basically, a single-valued association is implemented by JPA One-To-One Mapping. For this type of Mapping association, we can only map the source entity to the utmost one instance of the target entity.
One-To-One Mapping Example
Now let us look at a One-To-One Mapping example where a relationship between an Employee and Office will be demonstrated and the mapping will be implemented in such a way that one employee will be assigned only one project.
For implementing the example, the following steps need to be followed:
- First under our package called com.JpaOneToOne.mapping, an entity class called Employee.java needs to be created. This entity class will contain the id of the employee or id_of_employee and the name of the employee or name_of_employee.
Now let us check out the code for Employee.java.
package com.jpaOneToOne.mapping;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
private int id_of_employee;
private String name_of_employee;
public int getId_of_employee() {
return id_of_employee;
}
public void setId_of_employee(int id_of_employee) {
this.id_of_employee = id_of_employee;
}
public String getName_of_employee() {
return name_of_employee;
}
public void setName_of_employee(String name_of_employee) {
this.name_of_employee = name_of_employee;
}
}
- Next, under the com.JpaOneToOne.mapping package, we need to create another entity class called Office.java. This Office entity class will contain the id of the project or id_of_project, the name of the project or name_of_project, and an object of Employee type with @OneToOne annotation.
Here is the code for Office.java.
package com.jpaOneToOne.mapping;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
public class Office {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
private int id_of_project;
private String name_of_project;
@OneToOne
private Employee emp;
public Office(int id_of_project, String name_of_project, Employee emp) {
super();
this.id_of_project = id_of_project;
this.name_of_project = name_of_project;
this.emp = emp;
}
public Office() {
super();
}
public int getId_of_project() {
return id_of_project;
}
public void setId_of_project(int id_of_project) {
this.id_of_project = id_of_project;
}
public String getName_of_project() {
return name_of_project;
}
public void setName_of_project(String name_of_project) {
this.name_of_project = name_of_project;
}
public Employee getEmp() {
return emp;
}
public void setEmp(Employee emp) {
this.emp = emp;
}
}
- Now, we need to go to the Persistence.xml and map the entity class and the other database configuration.
Below is the code for Persistence.xml:
<persistence>
<persistence-unit name="Project_issued">
<class>com.jpaOneToOne.mapping.Employee</class>
<class>com.jpaOneToOne.mapping.Office</class>
<properties>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mapping_db"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root"/>
<property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value=""/>
<property name="eclipselink.logging.level" value="SEVERE"/>
<property name="eclipselink.ddl-generation" value="create-or-extend-tables"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
- Then, under our package called com.jpaOneToOne.mapping, a persistence class called ExampleOfOneToOne needs to be created for persisting the entity object with data.
Now let us check out the code for ExampleOfOneToOne.java:
;
import javax.persistence.*
import com.jpaOneToOne.mapping.*;
public class ExampleOfOneToOne {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory( "Project_issued" );
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager( );
em.getTransaction( ).begin( );
Employee emp1=new Employee();
emp1.setId_of_employee(1);
emp1.setName_of_employee("Megha");
Employee emp2=new Employee();
emp2.setId_of_employee(2);
emp2.setName_of_employee("Riddhi");
em.persist(emp1);
em.persist(emp2);
Office off1=new Office();
off1.setId_of_project(101);
off1.setId_of_project("Open Banking System");
off1.setStud(emp1);
Office off2=new Office();
off2.setId_of_project(102);
off2.setId_of_project("Low Code No Code Platform");
off2.setStud(emp2);
em.persist(off1);
em.persist(off2);
em.getTransaction().commit();
em.close();
emf.close();
}
}
Output:
Under the MySQL workbench, two tables will be generated after our program gets executed.
1. Employee table- Contains all the Employee details. For fetching the data from the Employee table, we need to run the following query in SQL:
select * from employee
2. Office table - Mapping between the employee and the office is mainly represented by this office table. For fetching the data from the Office table, we need to run the following query in SQL:
select * from office
UML or Unified Modeling Technology Diagram: Using a Foreign Key
Let’s go through the foreign key based mapping in the following ER (Entity Relation) diagram:
In the above diagram, the id_of_employee in the employee table works as the foreign key as off_id_of_employee in the office table. Here, we are assigning each project of Office to different employees of the employee table and this is the reason it is called One-To-One mapping.
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Conclusion
In this article, we learned about JPA One-To-One Mapping and maintaining one-to-one association in JPA.
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