ISNULL replaced the Oracle NVL function in the SQL server. When an expression in SQL server is NULL, the ISNULL function allows you to return an alternative value for the null. ISNULL checks whether the value or an expression is true or false. When the value to be checked is null, it returns an alternative value if it is true.
When an expression is checked with ISNULL, it will return an alternative value if it is true. The word NULL is used to describe a missing value in SQL. In a table, a NULL value is a value in a field that appears to be empty. A field with a NULL value is the same as one that has no value. It's important to grasp the difference between a NULL value and a zero value or a field of spaces.
You only used NVL in Oracle; it is not available in MySQL or SQL Server. NVL is not an acronym for anything, unlike a lot of programming/database terminology. It's just NVL, but thinking of it as a Null Value might help.
NVL is a substitution function, which means it displays one value while another is NULL. Not only zero, but NULL, empty, and void as well.
Syntax
ISNULL( Value /Expression, alternative value )
ISNULL() takes two parameters. The first parameter is the value, or an expression checked for null. The second parameter is the value to be replaced if the result is true.
Code:
Select Vname,ISNULL(Costpkg,0),Shopid From Vegetables;
The Figure 1 table provides the details of vegetables and in the column cost per kg, it takes null values.
Figure 1: VEG_INFO_TABLE
After Applying ISNULL()
After applying the ISNULL to the table in Figure 1, the result is produced and provided in a table in Table 1. Here, all the null values are replaced with 0 using ISNULL().
Code:
Select Vname,ISNULL (Costpkg,0), shopid FROM Vegetables;
Table 1: VEG_INFO_TABLE
NVL2
NVL2 works similar to ISNULL() but instead of checking and replacing one pair, NVL2 can check and replace two pairs of such cases in a single statement. Oracle NVL2 function is replaced by Case Statement in SQL Server.
The NVL2 function evaluates the first expression (expr1, expr2, expr3). The NVL2 function returns the second expression if the first expression is not null. If the first expression is null, the third expression is returned. That is, NVL2 returns expr2 if expr1 is not null. NVL2 returns expr3 if expr1 is null. It can include any data form in the expr1 statement.
Syntax:
SELECT ColumnName1,ColumnName2,…..ColumnNameN,
CASE conditi
WHEN value/expression1 NOT NULL THEN AlternateValue1
WHEN value/expression2 NOT NULL THEN AlternateValue2
ELSE AlternateValue
END
FROM table_name;
Code:
SELECT Vname,Vid,
CASE
WHEN Costpkg is NOT NULL THEN costpkg
ELSE 0
END
FROM Vegetables
Table 2. Veg_info_Table after modification
DECODE()
It performs the function of a CASE or IF-THEN-ELSE argument, making conditional queries easier.
The DECODE function decodes an expression using IF-THEN-ELSE logic, which is common in programming languages. After comparing each search value to the expression, the DECODE function decodes it. The result is returned if the expression is the same as the quest.
DECODE() is a comparison feature that allows you to compare a base value of up to 255 evaluation values in a single call. If the base value does not equal any of the evaluation values, a default value can be passed at the end of the function to be returned.
Syntax:
SELECT ColumnName1,ColumnName2,…..ColumnNameN,
CASE conditi
WHEN value/expression1 NOT NULL THEN AlternateValue1
WHEN value/expression2 NOT NULL THEN AlternateValue2
…..
WHEN value/expressionN NOT NULL THEN AlternateValueN
ELSE AlternateValue
END
FROM table_name;
Code:
SELECT Vname,Vid,Costpkg,
CASE
WHEN Costpkg IS null THEN 'The Price is not Updated'
WHEN Costpkg > 20 THEN 'The price is Moderate'
ELSE 'The Price is Affordable'
END AS Cost
FROM Vegetables;
COALESCE
The COALESCE() function examines the first expression and, if it is not null, returns it; otherwise, it performs a COALESCE of the remaining expressions. The COALESCE() function has an advantage over the NVL() function, which is that it can take multiple alternative values. COALESCE() returns the first non-null expression in the sequence, in simple terms.
Code:
SELECT Vname,Vid,Costpkg,unitPuc,
Costpkg * (unitPuc + COALESCE(Costpkg, 0)) totalcost
FROM Vegetables;
NULLIF
You can compare two expressions using the NULLIF equation. The function returns null if they are equal. The function returns the first expression if they are not identical. For the first word, you can't use the literal NULL.
Code:
SELECT len(Vname) "Vegetable",len(Shopid) "Shop" ,
NULLIF(len(Vname),len(Shopid))
Result FROM Vegetables;
Table data
LNNVL
When either or both operands of a state are null, LNNVL evaluates it. You can only find the function in a query's WHERE clause. It takes a condition as an argument and returns TRUE if the condition is FALSE or UNKNOWN, and FALSE otherwise.
Code:
create table Vegetables (VId int, Vname varchar(25), Costpkg float ,unitPuc int,Shopid varchar(30) );
insert into Vegetables values(103,'Carrot',20.0,30,'ER123');
insert into Vegetables values(101,'Onion',60.0,17,'ER123');
insert into Vegetables values(102,'lemon',5.0,400,'ER123');
insert into Vegetables values(104,'Cabbage',25.0,50,'ER123');
insert into Vegetables values(105,'Beans',10.0,35,'ER123');
select * from Vegetables;
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Vegetables WHERE LNNVL(Costpkg );
Input:
NANVL
Only floating-point numbers of type BINARY FLOAT or BINARY DOUBLE can be used with the NANVL feature. If the input value n1 is NaN, it instructs the database to return an alternative value n2 (not a number). Database returns n1 if n1 is not NaN. This feature can be used to convert NaN values to NULL.
Code:
SELECT VId, NANVL(Costpkg,0)
FROM Vegetables;
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Conclusion:
Only floating-point numbers of type BINARY FLOAT or BINARY DOUBLE are used with the NANVL feature. If the input value n1 is NaN, it instructs the Database to return an alternative value n2 (not a number). Database returns n1 if n1 is not NaN. This feature can be used to convert NaN values to NULL.
The word NULL is used to describe a missing value in SQL. In a table, a NULL value is a value in a field that appears to be empty. A field with a NULL value is the same as one that has no value. It's important to grasp the difference between a NULL value and a zero value or a field of spaces.
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