Why is Blockchain Important and Why Does it Matters

Learn From the Best IIT Kanpur Faculty!

Professional Certificate Program in BlockchainExplore Program

What is Blockchain Technology?

Blockchain started in 1991 as a way to store and secure digital data. Blockchain is an open ledger that several parties can access at once. One of its primary benefits is that the recorded information is hard to change without an agreement from all parties involved. IBM explained that each new record becomes a block with a unique, identifying hash. Linking the blocks into a chain of records forms a blockchain. Bitcoin cryptocurrency uses blockchain technology.

Blockchain helps in the verification and traceability of multistep transactions needing verification and traceability. It can provide secure transactions, reduce compliance costs, and speed up data transfer processing. Blockchain technology can help contract management and audit the origin of a product. It also can be used in voting platforms and managing titles and deeds.

Note: The data is recorded in chronological order. Also, once the data is recorded, it cannot be changed.

What Are the Benefits of Blockchain Technology?

Here's a list of key benefits you can expect to achieve when adopting Blockchain technology into your business:

• It is an immutable public digital ledger, which means when a transaction is recorded, it cannot be modified
• Due to the encryption feature, Blockchain is always secure 
• The transactions are done instantly and transparently, as the ledger is updated automatically
• As it is a decentralized system, no intermediary fee is required
• The authenticity of a transaction is verified and confirmed by participants

Building Trust in Government

A Pew Research Center study published last May stated that American trust in government is near an all-time low. Only about one-quarter of Americans say they can trust the government in Washington to do what is right “just about always” (2%) or “most of the time” (22%). Only 18 percent of Americans say they can trust the government to do what is right most of the time. 

Get Mentored by Leading Blockchain Experts!

Professional Certificate Program in BlockchainExplore Program

Booz Allen Hamilton consulting firm wrote that the government could benefit from blockchain-based applications because it offers transparency through decentralization, allowing participating stakeholders to see and verify data. In addition, blockchain can enable independent verification of governmental claims. The firm wrote that Sweden, Estonia, and Georgia are experimenting with blockchain-based land registries, which could help quickly resolve or prevent property disputes. 

Blockchain Security

One of the negatives of digital transformation has been the growth in personal data theft. Government databases are a target of cyber hackers. Database hacks have exposed names, Social Security numbers, birthdates, addresses, and driver’s license numbers of millions of Americans, such as the 2017 Equifax database breach. Booz Allen Hamilton wrote that blockchain data structures harden network security by reducing single-point-of-failure risk, making a database breach difficult.

The Department of Homeland Security is researching blockchain approaches to data security, such as managing online identity and internet access. McKinsey said the technology could store hash values of citizen documents on the blockchain, allowing governments to provide a verifiable electronic version of these documents when needed.

Increasing Government Accountability

In specific applications, blockchain could reduce government redundancy, streamline processes, decrease audit burden, increase security, and ensure data integrity. One process ripe for streamlining is GSA’s FASTLane process, which manages incoming proposals from vendors. Booz Allen Hamilton wrote it currently takes 40 days to process incoming submissions. However, GSA hopes that a blockchain solution will help process them in 10 days.

Reducing Government Corruption

While blockchain won’t prevent crime, the World Economic Forum (WEF) wrote there are five use cases to address weaknesses in government systems.

• Public Procurement / Government Contracting

WEF wrote that government contracting is the largest area of government spending with the greatest potential for corruption worldwide. A blockchain-based process can facilitate third-party oversight of transactions and provide greater objectivity and uniformity through automated contracts. There also would be more transparency and accountability of transactions and participants. However, its implementation could be hindered by how it’s deployed. WEF wrote that the easier it is to access and use the blockchain platform, the more vulnerable it is to abuse. Further, if offline transactions continue outside of the blockchain platform, its anti-corruption potential will be limited.

• Land Title Registries

As mentioned earlier, blockchain is a way for some countries to increase efficiency in land title registries. WEF wrote that Honduras and India are working on using blockchain to expand property rights and enhance transparency in a process known to have corrupt practices. Blockchain-based land registries could provide a secure, decentralized, publicly verifiable, and immutable record system where people could prove their land rights. A limitation would be that countries without land registries would have to build and digitize the information before blockchain could be used.

• Electronic Voting 

Governments are considering blockchain-based voting platforms due to concerns about election security, voter registration integrity, poll accessibility, and voter turnout. Blockchain’s information security qualities could help address election tampering and increase poll accessibility. WEF said a limitation would be blockchain’s vulnerability to cyberattacks and other security issues. 

• Beneficial Corporate Ownership Registries

According to WEF, secretly operated companies present avenues for money laundering, influence peddling, and steering government investments. Blockchain can develop central registries to help track conflicts of interest and criminal activity. It also could provide transparency and disclosure. However, there are several limitations as most countries don’t require companies to maintain beneficial ownership information themselves. Also, a blockchain-based registry would require buy-in from politicians, lawyers, banks, and big business, which may be a heavy lift in some locations.

• Grant Disbursements

Because of the millions of dollars granted to various institutions, the opaque donation process is ripe for inefficiency and corruption. Blockchain could reduce the number of actors and managers, could streamline the process, and improve verification. WEF said a limitation would be among the less technologically savvy who might be excluded from grant disbursement processes. In addition, it would not address how recipients spend grant money. 

How Will Blockchain Disrupt Industries?

Several industries like Unilever, Walmart, Visa, etc. use blockchain technology and have gained benefits in transparency, security, and traceability. Considering the benefits blockchain offers, it will revolutionize and redefine many sectors. 

Here are the top 5 prominent industries that will be disrupted by blockchain technology in the near future:

1. Banking
2. Cyber Security
3. Supply Chain Management
4. Healthcare
5. Government

1. Banking

Before Blockchain

Banking has transfer fees, which can be both expensive and time-consuming for people. Also, sending money overseas becomes even more difficult due to the exchange rate and other hidden costs.

After Blockchain

Blockchain eliminates the need for a middleman. Blockchain is disrupting the banking system by providing a peer-to-peer payment system with the highest security and low fees. 

• Blockchain technology provides instant and borderless payments across the globe
• Cryptocurrencies (like Ethereum, bitcoin) remove the requirement for a third party to perform transactions
• Blockchain records all the transactions in a public ledger which is globally accessible by bitcoin users

Let’s consider an example of ABRA

• Abra is a financial cryptocurrency application which helps in performing peer-to-peer money transfers
• With this application, cryptocurrency users can save, send and receive their digital money on their electronic devices

2. Cyber Security

Before Blockchain

Earlier, cyberattacks were a significant threat to the public. Several organizations were developing an effective solution to secure the data against unauthorized access and tampering.

After Blockchain

• Blockchain quickly identifies malicious attack due to the peer-to-peer connections where data cannot be tampered with
• Every single piece of data stored on the blockchain network is verified and encrypted using a cryptographic algorithm
• By eliminating the centralized system, blockchain provides a transparent and secure way of recording transactions (without disclosing your private information to anyone)

For example, a software security company called Guardtime offers blockchain-based products and services. 

Rather than following the centralized system, the company utilizes blockchain technology and distributes data to its nodes.

3. Supply Chain Management

Before Blockchain

Due to the lack of transparency, supply chain management often had its challenges like service redundancy, lack of coordination between various departments, and lack of reliability. 

After Blockchain

Tracking of a product can be done with blockchain technology, by facilitating traceability across the entire Supply chain.

Blockchain gives the facility to verify and audit transactions by multiple supply chain partners involved in the supply chain management system. 

• Blockchain records transaction (history, timestamp, date, etc.) of a product in a decentralized distributed ledger 
• Each transaction is recorded into a block
• With blockchain, anyone can verify the authenticity or status of a product being delivered

Let’s consider an example of the Pacific Tuna project.

Here, blockchain supply chain management provides a step-by-step verification process to track tuna fish. The process results in preventing illegal fishing.

4. Healthcare

Before Blockchain

In the healthcare system, patients can connect to other hospitals and collect their medical data immediately. Apart from the delay, there are high data corruption chances since the information is stored in a physical memory system.

After Blockchain

• Blockchain removes a central authority, which results in instant access to data
• Here, each block is linked to another block and distributed across the computer node. This becomes difficult for a hacker to corrupt the data

For example,  United Healthcare is an American healthcare company that has enhanced its privacy, security, and medical records' interoperability using Blockchain.

Learn the In-Demand Blockchain Skills!

Professional Certificate Program in BlockchainExplore Program

5. Government

Before Blockchain

Rigged votes is an illegal activity that occurs during most traditional voting systems. Also, citizens who want to vote to wait a little longer in a queue and cast their votes to a local authority, which is a very time-consuming process.

After Blockchain

• Voters are allowed to vote without the need of disclosing their identity in public
• The votes are counted with high accuracy by the officials knowing that each ID can be attributed to just one vote
• As soon the vote is added to the public ledger, the information can never be erased

Consider an example of MiVote

• MiVote is a token-based blockchain platform that is similar to a digital ballot box
• Using MiVote, through a smartphone, voters can cast their votes, where the records are stored in the blockchain securely

Moving forward, let’s understand the fundamentals of Blockchain.

Fundamentals of Blockchain

1. Public Distributed Ledgers

• A blockchain is a decentralized public distributed ledger that is used to record transactions across many computers
• A distributed ledger is a database that is shared among the users of the blockchain network
• The transactions are accessed and verified by users associated with the bitcoin network, thereby making it less prone to cyberattack

2. Encryption

• Blockchain eliminates unauthorized access by using the cryptographic algorithm (SHA256) to ensure the blocks are kept secure
• Each user in the blockchain has their key

3. Proof of Work

Proof of work (PoW) is a method to validate transactions in a blockchain network by solving a complex mathematical puzzle called mining.

Note: Users trying to solve the puzzle are called miners.

4. Mining

In Blockchain, when miners use their resources (time, money, electricity, etc.) to validate a new transaction and record them on the public ledger, they are given a reward.

Note: As a reward, the miner gets 12.5 BTC (bitcoins)

FAQs

1. What Is a Blockchain in simple terms?

Blockchain is a method of storing data that makes it difficult or impossible to update, hack, or defraud the system. A blockchain is simply a digital ledger of transactions that is replicated and distributed across the blockchain's complete network of computer systems.

2. Why is blockchain technology the future?

Blockchain facilitates the verification and traceability of multistep transactions that require verification and traceability. It can ensure secure transactions, lower compliance expenses, and accelerate data transfer processing. Blockchain technology can aid in contract administration and product auditing.

3. How Many Blockchains Are There?

There are currently over 10,000 additional cryptocurrency systems running on blockchain. However, it has been shown that blockchain is also a reliable method of recording data about other types of transactions.

4. Difference Between a Private Blockchain and a Public Blockchain?

Public blockchains are accessible to anybody; private blockchains are only accessible to a limited number of users; and permissioned blockchains are a hybrid of public and private blockchains that anyone may access as long as they have permission from the administrators.

5. What Is a Blockchain Platform?

A blockchain platform enables users and developers to build new applications on top of existing blockchain infrastructure. One example is Ethereum, which has its own cryptocurrency called ether (ETH). However, the Ethereum blockchain enables the development of smart contracts, programmable tokens used in initial coin offerings (ICOs), and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). These are all built around the Ethereum technology and safeguarded by Ethereum network nodes.

6. Are cryptocurrencies and Blockchain the same?

Blockchain is the technology that allows cryptocurrencies to exist (among other things). Bitcoin is the most well-known cryptocurrency, and it was for it that blockchain technology was established.

7. What is the scope of Blockchain?

Blockchain technology has been used brilliantly in the banking industry. Financial institutions were unable to handle the additional demand following demonetization, stressing the necessity for a centralized specialist to handle financial transactions.

8. What does a block in a Blockchain mean?

Blocks are used to store batches of valid transactions that have been hashed and encoded into a Merkle tree. Each block contains the cryptographic hash of the previous block in the blockchain, which connects the two. A chain is formed by the linked blocks.

Conclusion

Blockchain technology is only going to grow in the fields of business, finance, law, medicine, and real estate. Whether you’re an experienced Blockchain developer, or you’re aspiring to break into this exciting industry, enrolling in our Blockchain Certification Training program will help individuals with all levels of experience to learn Blockchain developer techniques and strategies. 

Do you have any questions for us? Please feel free to leave them in the comments section of this article; our experts will get back to you as soon as possible.